Copyright law has never clearly and adequately defined the boundary between copying and measuring. If I measure the length of a song? Not copyright infringemen

Copyright law has never clearly and adequately defined the boundary between copying and measuring. If I measure the length of a song? Not copyright infringement. If I take even a very short sequence of PCM samples, copyright infringement. But the practical thresholds appear to be different, there's a bunch of ways you can extract kbs' worth of information from a song, some are considered copying (ripping the melody to midi with a converter, say), some are not. And in the case of "AI", depending on the model it could be extracting and encoding almost anything, because it's a catch-all term encompassing dozens of architectures and methods.