I'm not suggesting a custom framework here, I'm suggesting no DI framework at all. No reflection, no extra configuration, no nothing, just composing classes ma

I'm not suggesting a custom framework here, I'm suggesting no DI framework at all. No reflection, no extra configuration, no nothing, just composing classes manually using the normal structure of the language. At some point this stops working, I agree — this isn't necessarily an infinitely scalable solution. At that point, switching to (1) is usually a fairly simple endeavour because you're already using DI, you just need to wire it together differently. But I've been surprised at the number of cases where just going without a framework altogether has been completely sufficient, and has been successful for far longer than I'd have originally expected.