A couple of useful general approaches: - "Metamorphic testing" is where analyze how code changes with changing inputs. For example, adding more filters to a qu

A couple of useful general approaches: - "Metamorphic testing" is where analyze how code changes with changing inputs. For example, adding more filters to a query should return a strict subset of the results, or if a computer vision system recognizes a person, it should recognize the same person if you tilt the image. - Creating a simplified model of the code, and then comparing the code implementation to the model, a la https://matklad.github.io/2024/07/05/properly-testing-concurrent-data-structures.html https://matklad.github.io/2024/07/05/properly-testing-concur... or https://johanneslink.net/model-based-testing https://johanneslink.net/model-based-testing There's also this paper, which I haven't read yet but seems intriguing: https://andrewhead.info/assets/pdf/pbt-in-practice.pdf https://andrewhead.info/assets/pdf/pbt-in-practice.pdf