tl;dr: >The overall effects of ChatGPT on enhancing learning performance, improving learning perception, and promoting higher-order thinking were calculated as

tl;dr: >The overall effects of ChatGPT on enhancing learning performance, improving learning perception, and promoting higher-order thinking were calculated as g = 0.867, g = 0.456, and g = 0.457, respectively, indicating that ChatGPT has a large positive effect on learning performance and a medium positive effect on learning perception and higher-order thinking. ---- I would think that as schooling modernizes, there ought'a be separate components (one involving digital devices, the other not). I'm old enough to remember teachers admonishing "You won't always have access to a calculator," so the current tech already overwhelms...