> (I thought in general fare-enforcement costs meaningfully more than systems lose in evaded fares) This is generally true for active fare enforcement, since y

> (I thought in general fare-enforcement costs meaningfully more than systems lose in evaded fares) This is generally true for active fare enforcement, since you have to pay employees to do enforcement, there's appeals processes, and some people just don't pay the fine. If the new faregates result in some more people (lets say 1%!) paying for trips (less freeriding), that's directly 1-2 million per year. If they also increase real-ridership, that's additional income. To make the cost back quickly you do need a significant increase (10-15%), that's not totally out of the question, though it's probably not only due to faregates.