I well realize that. I was assuming absolute worst conditions, at 1 watt PEP. With hardware noise reduction, we can drop easily to .1 watt and still keep ever

I well realize that. I was assuming absolute worst conditions, at 1 watt PEP. With hardware noise reduction, we can drop easily to .1 watt and still keep everything else consistent. Next, if we choose a directional antenna, we can also greatly magnify directed output. No sense in directing energy in the ground, is there? We can also have receiver systems (dish arrays) that can provide great gains in reception and transmitting.