>EPA’s guidance used to state that one gallon of petroleum can contaminate up to one million gallons of water. That doesn't answer my question. How did you get

>EPA’s guidance used to state that one gallon of petroleum can contaminate up to one million gallons of water. That doesn't answer my question. How did you get the "$1 billion USD" figure? It's unclear how you go from "one gallon of petroleum can contaminate up to one million gallons of water" to "Estimates for initial cleaning and restoring would be $1 billion USD". Moreover, if that's "up to" amount, then surely it only applies to the worst case, like if you dumped the oil directly into a river/ocean? The picture in the article shows there's no source of water nearby. That's not to say that it can't affect groundwater or whatever, but blindly applying "one gallon of petroleum can contaminate up to one million gallons of water" makes no sense.