The ESA is not an EU agency which complicates that comparison: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Member_States_Cooperating_States https://www.esa.int/

The ESA is not an EU agency which complicates that comparison: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Member_States_Cooperating_States https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Corporate_news/Member_States_Co... > I’ve been involved in the founding of a few companies in Ireland and raising funding is tough and for all the work the figures are tiny compared to the US. You’ll likely be talking to Irish and UK investors only. I am not surprised, but you would probably find it easier to raise money from investors in the UK for a larger established business: lots of companies from lots of countries list in London, for example. I think other factors are probably more important than the lack of a single market for capital raising on people's direct investments. > Investing in the stock market is far more common in the US compared to the EU for the average person (something like 60% versus 15% of people in the EU) Are you looking at people investing directly? A lot of people in the UK have pensions that invest in the stock market. About 75% of people of working age, IIRC.