Fatalities seems like a more relevant safety metric than collisions. "IIHS research examining large U.S. cities with red light camera programs found significan

Fatalities seems like a more relevant safety metric than collisions. "IIHS research examining large U.S. cities with red light camera programs found significant reductions in citywide fatal red light crash rates (and fatal crash rates of all types) at intersections with traffic signals, including intersections that didn’t have a camera. ... Cities that discontinue their programs tend to feel the sting. The fatal crash rate was 30% higher in cities that shuttered their red light camera programs." https://www.amica.com/en/resources/auto/safety/ways-red-light-camera-safety.html https://www.amica.com/en/resources/auto/safety/ways-red-ligh... But the data do indicate that the benefits of automated traffic enforcement vary widely by community. I suspect any of poor road design, reckless driving culture, or local corruption that prioritizes income over safety can lower their net utility, and some combinations of those might even make their utility net negative.