Not sure Amazon posts much about S3 architecture but some years ago I think they had an article about using spinners. They had so many HDDs, though, that 100-25

Not sure Amazon posts much about S3 architecture but some years ago I think they had an article about using spinners. They had so many HDDs, though, that 100-250 IOPs * <the insane number of total drives> meant they still had insane throughput. Not sure they're at the scale in the article to get good performance with HDDs but someone with a storage eng background can correct me. NVMe seems like a waste, though. I imagine you can still get solid performance with SATA/SAS (250 to 50-80k IOPs is still a pretty huge leap)