In Judea? Probably very high, some sources say up to 20% of men. It's was religious duty of every Jew to read the sacred texts and also to be able to write a To

In Judea? Probably very high, some sources say up to 20% of men. It's was religious duty of every Jew to read the sacred texts and also to be able to write a Torah scroll(but most likely it was not mandatory). Father was to teach his son to write. Actually it was the initial reason for public schools, for orphans to learn read and write.