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> Fifty years ago it was one of India’s poorest states Yea that is a absolutely wrong. A state that had the highest literacy rate at independence will unsurpri

> Fifty years ago it was one of India’s poorest states Yea that is a absolutely wrong. A state that had the highest literacy rate at independence will unsurprisingly remain at the higher end of developmental rankings.. In the 1970s Kerala was already comparable to Indian states from a human development and economic standpoint because of a strong shipbuilding and cooperative agricultural program (same with then undivided Punjab) [0] and by 1990 had developmental indicators comparable to Delhi NCR. Instead, we should look at states that were historically more undeveloped than Kerala but are now within range of Kerala. As such, a better rags to riches model to dig into is Tamil Nadu [1] or Haryana [2] - both were on the lower end of India's HDI rankings in 1990, and now outperform most states and lead India in GDP per Capita as well. Himachal Pradesh [3] and Jammu Kashmir [4][5] are two others to also look at, as they are historically undeveloped agrarian Himalayan border states with laggard developmental indicators that used land reform, cooperative agribusiness, mass rural education drives, and specialized manufacturing (Pharma in Himachal, Food Processing in Jammu) to have high HDIs. [0] - https://eacpm.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/State-GDP-Working-Paper_Final.pdf https://eacpm.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/State-GDP-Wo... [1] - https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/505641468034143529/india-economic-growth-and-poverty-alleviation-in-tamil-nadu-notes-on-selected-policy-issues https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-rep... [2] - https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/comment/birth-of-haryana-and-its-initial-years-676763/ https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/comment/birth-of-h... [3] - https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/539281468771688330/india-himachal-pradesh-accelerating-development-and-sustaining-success-in-a-hill-state https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-rep... [4] - https://ras.org.in/index.php?Article=land_reform_in_kashmir https://ras.org.in/index.php?Article=land_reform_in_kashmir [5] - https://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-strategic-myth/9788194717560/ https://cup.columbia.edu/book/a-strategic-myth/9788194717560...

blackoil 2y ago
As per your 1st document (page 15). Kerala has risen from 84.6 to 152 (~80%) while Haryana from 106.9 to 176.8 (~65%) in addition to the fact that most of the Haryana's growth has come from being in proximity of New Delhi. Same for Tamil Nadu (56%).
- alephnerd 2y ago
  If you look at the results of India's National Human Development Report from 1981, Kerala was already further ahead of any other state [0][1]. And the report I listed did not have data on half of the states that existed in India in 1980. > most of the Haryana's growth has come from being in proximity of New Delhi Not really. Delhi NCR de-industrialized in the 1970s-80s due to militant labor unionism [2] Furthermore, much of Haryana's population lives well outside of what became Delhi NCR, and urbanization only began in the 1980s with the development of SEZs in Manesar, Faridabad, and Gurgaon. > Same for Tamil Nadu (56%). Tamil Nadu shared similar developmental metrics to Haryana in the 1981 NHDR, neighbored a state in an active civil war that often leaked into the state (Sri Lanka / LTTE), and had severe caste fractures. [0] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index#/media/File%3A1981nian_Yindu_Renlei_Fazhan_Zhishu.png https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_un... [1] - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/HUMAN-DEVELOPMENT-INDEX-OF-INDIAN-STATES-IN-1981-1991-AND-2001_tbl2_234057638 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/HUMAN-DEVELOPMENT-INDEX-... [2] - https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376065 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376065
kedarkhand 2y ago
Hopefully Uttarakhand can follow Himachal Pradesh, but it is ravaged by national parties as of now, best case scenario, the new youth leadership of UKD actually wins and does some work
- alephnerd 2y ago
  Uttarakhand will not develop unless there are incentives to invest outside of Dehradun. HP doesn't have a "Dehradun", which means local netas have an incentive to invest in their zilla instead of hoarding cash and real estate in a major hub. Thus, Himachal benefited from a Pharma and Food Processing industrial policy in the 1990s-2000s that industrialized the rural area around Baddi and Una, and a lot of other smaller food processing and light manufacturing industries across lower Himachal. Also, Uttarakhand has too few MLAs for the size of population. UK has 70 MLAs but 10 million people, but HP has 68 MLAs with 6.5 million people. This means UK MLAs are much more divorced from local panchayats compared to in HP. There is a good case study about this at Harvard Business School [0] [0] - https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Asian_Survey_5505_03_Mangla_219b4d54-2a4f-4a43-a0ab-d632628f8fae.pdf https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Asian_Survey_550...
  - kedarkhand 2y ago
    Agree on the point of Dehradun, as for the number of MLA's, that is due to the growing concerns of the native Pahadi population. The plain regions of Uttarakhand have been settled by desi people in recent decades and due to the difference in population density and fertility rates, their population is growing more and more. Now the Pahadi people have genuine concerns that everything they fought for during the Uttarakhand Movement will go to waste. And this is already happening, the finance minister of Uttarakhand abused pahadi people in the Vidhan Sabha, thankfully due to many protests, he has resigned. But if plain regions get majority seats, it would give approx 18% of UK the right to govern the entire region!
- alephnerd 2y ago
  > best case scenario, the new youth leadership of UKD actually wins and does some work Trust me. You don't want that. Ussi najuwane nu khadi pata ni hege (Kangri but translate to your equivalent)
alephnerd 2y ago
Also, not hating on the Kerala model - every state in India is now in the position where they can take advantage of it. But I do not think it's replicable in most other LDCs due to historical quirks. Like, Malawi, Guinea, or Afghanistan can't use much of the "Kerala Model" to succeed, as India was unique in that it was subsidizing the UAE's economy with the "Gulf Rupee" [0] (maybe Cambodia/Laos thanks to Thailand, but it ain't a great reason why IYKYK) [0] - https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9 https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%...

blackoil 2y ago

As per your 1st document (page 15). Kerala has risen from 84.6 to 152 (~80%) while Haryana from 106.9 to 176.8 (~65%) in addition to the fact that most of the Haryana's growth has come from being in proximity of New Delhi. Same for Tamil Nadu (56%).

alephnerd 2y ago
If you look at the results of India's National Human Development Report from 1981, Kerala was already further ahead of any other state [0][1]. And the report I listed did not have data on half of the states that existed in India in 1980. > most of the Haryana's growth has come from being in proximity of New Delhi Not really. Delhi NCR de-industrialized in the 1970s-80s due to militant labor unionism [2] Furthermore, much of Haryana's population lives well outside of what became Delhi NCR, and urbanization only began in the 1980s with the development of SEZs in Manesar, Faridabad, and Gurgaon. > Same for Tamil Nadu (56%). Tamil Nadu shared similar developmental metrics to Haryana in the 1981 NHDR, neighbored a state in an active civil war that often leaked into the state (Sri Lanka / LTTE), and had severe caste fractures. [0] - https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index#/media/File%3A1981nian_Yindu_Renlei_Fazhan_Zhishu.png https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_un... [1] - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/HUMAN-DEVELOPMENT-INDEX-OF-INDIAN-STATES-IN-1981-1991-AND-2001_tbl2_234057638 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/HUMAN-DEVELOPMENT-INDEX-... [2] - https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376065 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376065

kedarkhand 2y ago

Hopefully Uttarakhand can follow Himachal Pradesh, but it is ravaged by national parties as of now, best case scenario, the new youth leadership of UKD actually wins and does some work

alephnerd 2y ago
Uttarakhand will not develop unless there are incentives to invest outside of Dehradun. HP doesn't have a "Dehradun", which means local netas have an incentive to invest in their zilla instead of hoarding cash and real estate in a major hub. Thus, Himachal benefited from a Pharma and Food Processing industrial policy in the 1990s-2000s that industrialized the rural area around Baddi and Una, and a lot of other smaller food processing and light manufacturing industries across lower Himachal. Also, Uttarakhand has too few MLAs for the size of population. UK has 70 MLAs but 10 million people, but HP has 68 MLAs with 6.5 million people. This means UK MLAs are much more divorced from local panchayats compared to in HP. There is a good case study about this at Harvard Business School [0] [0] - https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Asian_Survey_5505_03_Mangla_219b4d54-2a4f-4a43-a0ab-d632628f8fae.pdf https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Asian_Survey_550...
- kedarkhand 2y ago
  Agree on the point of Dehradun, as for the number of MLA's, that is due to the growing concerns of the native Pahadi population. The plain regions of Uttarakhand have been settled by desi people in recent decades and due to the difference in population density and fertility rates, their population is growing more and more. Now the Pahadi people have genuine concerns that everything they fought for during the Uttarakhand Movement will go to waste. And this is already happening, the finance minister of Uttarakhand abused pahadi people in the Vidhan Sabha, thankfully due to many protests, he has resigned. But if plain regions get majority seats, it would give approx 18% of UK the right to govern the entire region!
alephnerd 2y ago
> best case scenario, the new youth leadership of UKD actually wins and does some work Trust me. You don't want that. Ussi najuwane nu khadi pata ni hege (Kangri but translate to your equivalent)

alephnerd 2y ago

Also, not hating on the Kerala model - every state in India is now in the position where they can take advantage of it. But I do not think it's replicable in most other LDCs due to historical quirks. Like, Malawi, Guinea, or Afghanistan can't use much of the "Kerala Model" to succeed, as India was unique in that it was subsidizing the UAE's economy with the "Gulf Rupee" [0] (maybe Cambodia/Laos thanks to Thailand, but it ain't a great reason why IYKYK) [0] - https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9 https://ar.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%...