Bolshevism and Volkism indeed have roots in populism, though, to your point, their institutional counterparts arguably were the exact opposite. Bolshevism is o

Bolshevism and Volkism indeed have roots in populism, though, to your point, their institutional counterparts arguably were the exact opposite. Bolshevism is only one prevailing school of thought from late 19th/early 20th century Russia, but walking back through Narodnaya Volya and the Narodniks will lead you back to Going to the People. Volkism itself may be one of the best examples of unbridled populism ever, having posited that "true" Germans were being overrun by alien elites (Jewish folk and the like). The fact that the movement was leveraged by neo-pagan Bavarian aristocrats doesn't nullify the ideas that rallied the public behind them in the first place (especially when those ideas persist today).