The hypervisor/microkernel boundary has blurred, and commercial success for microkernels is more or less as hypervisors, e.g. OKL4 is widely used in mobile devi

The hypervisor/microkernel boundary has blurred, and commercial success for microkernels is more or less as hypervisors, e.g. OKL4 is widely used in mobile devices[0]. And Tanenbaum's Minix is used for the Intel Management Engine. I don't know the details with HURD, but I don't think it is mainly suffering from "inherent" or "nearly-inherent" (strongly associated) problems of microkernels. The main cost of microkernels is developer effort and likely performance overhead. [0] https://vita.militaryembedded.com/5159-open-virtualization-arm-cortex-a15-processor/ https://vita.militaryembedded.com/5159-open-virtualization-a...