To pull out the first example from your second link, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania > Drapetomania was a

To pull out the first example from your second link, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapetomania > Drapetomania was a proposed mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Africans fleeing captivity. This hypothesis was based on the belief that slavery was such an improvement upon the lives of slaves that only those suffering from some form of mental illness would wish to escape. One not mentioned, but similar to Clennon W. King, Jr. - Joan Trumpauer Mulholland. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Trumpauer_Mulholland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Trumpauer_Mulholland > In the spring of 1960, Mulholland participated in her first of many sit-ins. Her civil rights activism was not understood, being a white, southern woman. She was branded as mentally ill and was taken in for testing after her first arrest.