Short answer: Systems 1, 3, 12, or 23 in Figure 3 in this paper are pretty good options: https://eclass.ekdd.gr/esdda/modules/document/file.php/KST_BEID_PDYY120

Short answer: Systems 1, 3, 12, or 23 in Figure 3 in this paper are pretty good options: https://eclass.ekdd.gr/esdda/modules/document/file.php/KST_BEID_PDYY120/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%82%20%CE%A7.%20-%20%CE%A3%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82%20%CE%A5%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82%20%28%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%20%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%29/Five%20Types%20of%20OECD%20Health%20Systems.pdf https://eclass.ekdd.gr/esdda/modules/document/file.php/KST_B... This is an extremely politicized question in the US, where a public health insurance option (a solution that's popular in much of the rest of the OECD) is fiercely opposed by a large swath of the population. At the very least though, in an ideal world, payers, providers, pharmacies, and PBMs should not be allowed to be part of the same company.