I definitely agree that planning is essential to perform well in Factorio - my hope is that we can create agents in FLE that can better front-load the planning

I definitely agree that planning is essential to perform well in Factorio - my hope is that we can create agents in FLE that can better front-load the planning part, as well as create utility functions for future use - such that as the agent progresses, it can do more and more in each program / step. For example, it could create a function called 'resolve_resource_dependencies', which would enable it to backfill missing resources in order to proceed. LLMs tend to build themselves into corners here quite often. Basically, if they break the topology (e.g enclose their factory in pipes) they struggle to reason over it and correct it. My basic view on this is that there exists some set of functions/data-structures that they can design in FLE, which will give them a better view over their factory to enable scaling (if the models take a step back to consider it). We currently do track SPM, but decided against making that our main metric, as it zeroes out in the early stages. We use 'production score' instead, which is a more generalised metric that just captures total production (multiplied by an item-price). There was a cool paper that came out a few years ago using meta-heuristics to do this, (https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04871 https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04871), but I reckon the combinatorial complexity of large factories makes it challenging to solve beyond trivial factories. Its worth noting that agents in FLE can write their own libraries etc, so a dominant strategy could be for an LLM agent to implement a solver in Python to do the heavy lifting. This is quite far from current capabilities though.