It's not exactly like this. The localization is not easy, because the distances are huge (several thousands of kilometers) and shortwaves are bouncing over the

It's not exactly like this. The localization is not easy, because the distances are huge (several thousands of kilometers) and shortwaves are bouncing over the atmosphere. Think about the number stations, that are still not localized after years. And even jamming it's not always easy: the Turkish government usually jam the Kurdish shortwave stations like Denge Welat targeting Europe, but they are moving up or down in frequency to avoid the jamming. Moreover, you need a lot of power to jam another station. Another advantage of the shortwave is that it don't require a complex hardware neither infrastructure to receive them: a rudimentary AM receiver is very simple to implement and can work also on battery for long time.