Real estate cost (the opportunity cost of human occupancy) is capital cost. So is the material and labor for any of the more elaborate frame systems required t

Real estate cost (the opportunity cost of human occupancy) is capital cost. So is the material and labor for any of the more elaborate frame systems required to work on a non-flat surface. Only about half of Africa has any home access to electricity, and very few have access to the sort of high current associated with HVAC or EVs. Much of the population are going to leapfrog over the phase of full expansive grid construction, access & maintenance, and go directly to a somewhat more decentralized mode of operation. But that experience isn't all that relevant to the developed world, whose countries have invested tens of thousands of dollars per person in establishing almost universal electrical grids.