For most LLMs, with most works, no. If you trained an LLM repeatedly on nothing but the text of LOTR until it could re-produce the books verbatim and then trie

For most LLMs, with most works, no. If you trained an LLM repeatedly on nothing but the text of LOTR until it could re-produce the books verbatim and then tried to sell copies of that LLM, then I agree that would be blatent copyright infringement, yes.