TL;DR: The top retraction rates based on 2014-2024 data show 7 of the top 10 are medical universities in China. #4 is an engineering institute in India, #7 is a

TL;DR: The top retraction rates based on 2014-2024 data show 7 of the top 10 are medical universities in China. #4 is an engineering institute in India, #7 is a university in Pakistan, #10 is a STEM university in Ethiopia. The highest had a retraction rate of around 5%, most hovered around 4%, and the lowest was just under 3%. >Over 2014–24, almost 60% of retracted articles (more than 20,000 of them) have authors with affiliations in China. Overall, about 0.3% of that country’s articles have been retracted so far — three times the global average.