Anything probabilistic? There are so many interesting fields where you can assume the distribution of a dataset and the take a sample of data and assert things

Anything probabilistic? There are so many interesting fields where you can assume the distribution of a dataset and the take a sample of data and assert things about it with a high degree of confidence. All of modern AI is built on so much of this. All the Deep Neural Nets are making grand assumptions about the shape of meaning of data, they literally assume convexity of the space and they have clearly very interesting results despite the imprecision of the model. Anything dealing with finance is also dealing in lack of data. So if you had a list of prices of a stock over time, you could probably start making assumptions exactly like that, tgat the probability that it doubles over a short time is so unlikely so you can subsample the data and have it still be super useful to make assumptions exactly, especially when you have intractably large data.