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Electrons are actually delocalised in a metal: rather than point particles bouncing around the nuclei like a pinball, they're more like waves that ripple and di
by movpasd 2y ago
Electrons are actually delocalised in a metal: rather than point particles bouncing around the nuclei like a pinball, they're more like waves that ripple and diffract around them. This means that to good approximation, the electrons pass right through each other. Because of this, I don't expect the electron motion to affect resistance much.
What definitely affects resistance is the vibration of the nuclei lattice, in which thermal energy is also stored. This vibration makes the electrons more likely to scatter. This means even in a non-superconducting metal, resistivity drops as you get colder.
The special thing about superconductors is that there's a temperature where the resistivity suddenly drops to zero. (If you look up "superconductivity resistance against temperature", you'll see some graphs showing what I mean.)
I don't know exactly the details of why this happens, but it has something to do with Cooper pairs. Electrons in these states are also sensitive to being knocked out and bumped up to regular conducting states by thermal noise.