> all 2019 scores were at least a little bit lower than they were in 2013. Do we know the degree to which test scores were high around that time due to schools

> all 2019 scores were at least a little bit lower than they were in 2013. Do we know the degree to which test scores were high around that time due to schools doing a generally good job vs. gaming the system? NCLB created incentives to do the latter.