The article doesn't mention MSFS. However, MSFS does not use blade element theory, but a unique system of "normalization". https://docs.flightsimulator.com/msfs

The article doesn't mention MSFS. However, MSFS does not use blade element theory, but a unique system of "normalization". https://docs.flightsimulator.com/msfs2024/html/7_Samples_Tutorials/Tutorials/Tuning_The_Flight_Model/Basic_Aerodynamics.htm https://docs.flightsimulator.com/msfs2024/html/7_Samples_Tut... CFD is only used in a couple of the dozens of aircraft in MSFS. It still uses the "normalization" process that feels a lot like stability derivatives. It can give good results, but overall the system in MSFS is too complex with too many parameters to tweak, leading to nearly all aircraft modeled having quite innacurate flight characteristics anywhere outside the normal flight envelope.