Design patterns are independent of the implementation technology. OO and virtual functions can be implemented in C by looking up function pointers in a table.

Design patterns are independent of the implementation technology. OO and virtual functions can be implemented in C by looking up function pointers in a table. Reference counting can be done by manually incrementing and decrementing references. At the end of the day everything is compiled to assembly and the CPU doesn't care what ideology was in the programmer's head, except however much a given paradigm abstracts too far away from the underlying machine.