I don't think this is a "modern" phenomenon. Proprietary software has been doing this for ages. And the web is also full of user-hostile tracking with questiona

I don't think this is a "modern" phenomenon. Proprietary software has been doing this for ages. And the web is also full of user-hostile tracking with questionable cookie-dialogs. If it's an option for you, consider Linux or one of the BSDs and the associated software ecosystems.