Visual language models are quite good at converting images to LaTeX or any other kind of representation these days. Here is a demo where you can upload a screen

Visual language models are quite good at converting images to LaTeX or any other kind of representation these days. Here is a demo where you can upload a screenshot of a page with an equation and ask the neural network to e.g. "Transcribe this equation as LaTeX.": https://huggingface.co/spaces/Qwen/Qwen2-VL https://huggingface.co/spaces/Qwen/Qwen2-VL You can also run a smaller model locally if you have enough VRAM, for example Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct: https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2.5-VL?tab=readme-ov-file#using---transformers-to-chat https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen2.5-VL?tab=readme-ov-file#usin... Also works reasonably well with hand-written equations. For searching through similar equations, you can probably embed each as a high-dimensional vector and then search for the closed vector. Here is a ranking of text embedding networks: https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard https://huggingface.co/spaces/mteb/leaderboard Or if you want something more deterministic, parse the LaTeX equation to create an abstract syntax tree for which there are plenty of similarity measures.