Car dpendency is a bad example because it assumes that everyone has the same values and weighs the externalities the same. For me, - Living in an urban space i

Car dpendency is a bad example because it assumes that everyone has the same values and weighs the externalities the same. For me, - Living in an urban space is a huge negative. - Living in a suburban space is a mild negative. - Living in low-density suburbs is a huge positive. - Driving an electric car is a positive. - Driving an ICE car is a negative. - Riding a bicycle or walking is a positive if my knees aren't acting up. It's a negative if they are. A more nuanced description of positive and negative externalities would give a fuller picture, but that's a basic assessment of my values. I think you'll find the same for other examples of externalities. Corporate air and water pollution is a positive for a company (i.e., a company that disposes of waste cheaply). For people in surrounding areas, it's a huge negative. Different values for different populations