To be specific on what I've found so far. This is the most widely cited paper to demonstrate safety of aluminum adjuvants. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals

To be specific on what I've found so far. This is the most widely cited paper to demonstrate safety of aluminum adjuvants. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2012.00406/full#h10 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.... Quote from the paper """ Safety of Aluminum-Containing Adjuvants Aluminum-containing adjuvants have been used for more than 70 years in billions of doses of vaccines, and have an excellent safety record (Butler et al., 1969; Edelman, 1980; Jefferson et al., 2004). """ So I looked into each of those papers: Butler et al., 1969; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5774314/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5774314/ Study in 168 children, comparing aluminum-containing vaccine vs vaccine without aluminum, only looking at immediate reaction-- nurse checked on child the day after injection, no long term monitoring. They found the vaccine with aluminum caused fewer immediate reactions and was therefore less toxic. Edelman, 1980; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6997966/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6997966/ From the abstract "To date, the question of adjuvant safety has not been resolved and represents the major obstacle to the orderly development of adjuvanted vaccines" Jefferson et al., 2004 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14871632/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14871632/ This one is a review of studies that compare aluminum-containing vaccines with other vaccinces or smaller amounts of aluminum. No aluminum vs inert placebo. So, nothing there along the lines of a long term randomized placebo controlled trial to monitor the impacts of injecting aluminum adjuvants.