"Pre-emptive" with respect to pardons is being used as "prior to prosecution, but for past actions". That's nothing new (famous examples include the Nixon pardo

"Pre-emptive" with respect to pardons is being used as "prior to prosecution, but for past actions". That's nothing new (famous examples include the Nixon pardon, post civil war pardons, etc), but it doesn't grant immunity for future actions like the tech companies would need. Pardons for future actions are generally accepted as not within the power. Cornell law has a cite for this that you could track down if you want https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-2/section-2/clause-1/overview-of-the-pardon-power#fn8art2 https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution-conan/article-2/sec... Also he's not even tried to do that with the tech companies here, so it's besides the point.