> Plus, when I last checked they are very inefficient in terms of heat isolation. The energy required to keep them at comfortable temperatures are way higher wh

> Plus, when I last checked they are very inefficient in terms of heat isolation. The energy required to keep them at comfortable temperatures are way higher when compared to traditional building techniques. There are two things in play here: the first is, as you mention, the insulation quality (R-value / U-factor) of windows is abysmal, both in absolute terms and relative to other wall assemblies. Heat leaks out of windows in winter in high amounts (and then you also have to deal with unwanted thermal gain in summer, raising AC costs). The other thing is mean radiant temperature: * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radiant_temperature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_radiant_temperature Many folks think that if the thermostat reads the correct temperature in a room, you're done: that is not the case. The thermostat reads the air temperature, and air temperature is often only half of what you feel in a room: the other half is what is radiated from all the surfaces around you. A camp fire, fireplace, or radiator feels warm because it is at a temperature higher than your skin, and so the energy goes from it to you. But if there is something that is lower than your skin temperature, the energy will go from you to it and you will feel cold—regardless of what the air temperature is. This is why in offices, even though a thermometer / thermostat reads 20C/70F in both summer and winter, people feel cold: the giant office windows work as "anti-radiators", where energy wants to move from your body/skin to them.