- using non-cutting edge GPUs (just more of them) - creating more efficient models such as MoE based DeepSeek - getting their hands on cutting edge GPUs all t

- using non-cutting edge GPUs (just more of them) - creating more efficient models such as MoE based DeepSeek - getting their hands on cutting edge GPUs all the same I think it was Dylan Patel (from semianalysis) on Dwarkesh that mentioned one scam is for a Chinese source to arrange for a SOTA NVidia cluster to be bought/installed in some non-embargoed country, then dismantled and shipped to China.