All of the examples you give are unique in their own ways, I don't have the wherewithal to go through them all, but if I choose one: A person describing themse

All of the examples you give are unique in their own ways, I don't have the wherewithal to go through them all, but if I choose one: A person describing themselves as being Christian is only signaling that they are a follower of the Christian faith to some degree. They are different for that reason. Christian doesn't have a physical appearance associated with it (well, other than say vestments or pendants). All Christians are Christian. Not all Asian-appearing folk are culturally Asian, not all culturally Asian folk are Asian-appearing. Even the concept of "Asian culture" (I do of course accept that such a concept exists) is super general in a much wider ranging way than the Christian faith. Maybe that explains it better. To illustrate it in another way, imagine some LLM prompts: "Hi ChatGPT, can you make me a poem written by a Christian about their faith?" "Hi ChatGPT, can you make me a poem written by a White person about their culture?" There is just a fundamental... grammatical wrongness(?) about the last one in my mind, I'm not sure that I can explain it if it's not already obvious.