There's a primary type that holds invalid utf8; it's [u8]. If you want a string from that, you try turn it into a string, and deal with the errors then. If an

There's a primary type that holds invalid utf8; it's [u8]. If you want a string from that, you try turn it into a string, and deal with the errors then. If an algorithm works for invalid Unicode, it should probably be an algorithm on bytes, not strings.