> We find that when we instruct our synthetic document fine-tuned models not to use a hidden chainof-thought scratchpad, our synthetic document fine-tuned model

> We find that when we instruct our synthetic document fine-tuned models not to use a hidden chainof-thought scratchpad, our synthetic document fine-tuned models still demonstrate compliance gaps of 20.1% and 13.9% in the helpful-only and animal welfare settings, respectively (Figure 21). In fact, compared to performing the equivalent intervention in the prompted case (Section 3.3.3), our synthetic document-fine-tuned models appear to be much less affected by the lack of a hidden scratchpad. These results demonstrate particularly striking out-of-context reasoning (Berglund et al., 2023; Treutlein et al., 2024), showing that the model is able to generalize from documents stating information about the training objective and the free/paid distinction to a substantial behavioral gap between the free and paid cases without any additional in-context reasoning.