From the actual paper: "Our sample consisted of 3108 Captains in the United States Air Force who participated in a five-week leadership development course. The

From the actual paper: "Our sample consisted of 3108 Captains in the United States Air Force who participated in a five-week leadership development course. They were randomly assigned to a 14-person MTS (there were 222 systems in our sample) for the duration of the course, such that each was comparable in terms of leadership experience (all were at the same rank and tenure), age, gender, occupation, and scores on a comprehensive military aptitude test. They participated in the same task – a three-hour computer-based simulation – for which they received the same training and time restrictions. These similarities help to ensure comparability and that no one had any performance advantage." The paper looks interesting. The blurb does not do it justice.