Shoddy and useless according to who? I take it you haven't been to any of these African countries, where a Chinese-built dam generates the electricity millions

Shoddy and useless according to who? I take it you haven't been to any of these African countries, where a Chinese-built dam generates the electricity millions use, or where a handful of bridges open up vast stretches of the country for trade. Speaking of loans, most of Africa (and the developing world's) loans originate from Western lenders. They never cared about the borrower's ability to pay back or the fact that a huge chunk of the capital would be stolen. They'd simply demand payment anyway. So, how is China responsible for loaning money on the same terms? In which specific cases has China demanded payment or strong-armed governments into making concessions for loans? Just one example, please. And don't mention the Hambantota port since you'll lose any credibility left. If any African country lets their leaders steal dev. capital, it's not China's fault, and it's not different from what has happened with Western loans. In fact, with Western loans, there's an understanding that it will not get to the people, but is seen as a payoff for the puppet leaders to stay loyal. China builds usable infrastructure that can be used for decades, and you can't argue against infrastructure.