I am looking at https://github.com/michalc/OpenTTDLab/blob/main/examples/02-openttdlab-scaling.ipynb https://github.com/michalc/OpenTTDLab/blob/main/examples/0

I am looking at https://github.com/michalc/OpenTTDLab/blob/main/examples/02-openttdlab-scaling.ipynb https://github.com/michalc/OpenTTDLab/blob/main/examples/02-... and wondering if this isn't hyperthreading being enabled. If you have 4 real cores, with 2 hyperthreads, the system reports 8 CPUs. But that's fake. Hyperthreads share most of their compute and register resources, so they only work well if a core is spending most of its time waiting. 2 hyperthreads both doing full compute will basically work at half speed each, which is close to what your graph is showing. BTW, you can check on Linux with this command LANG=C lscpu and checking the Thread(s) per core value