As for the extent of holding Nazi money — we held Allies money just as well. Unfortunately the Confederacy did far more to help the Nazis than simply serving a

As for the extent of holding Nazi money — we held Allies money just as well. Unfortunately the Confederacy did far more to help the Nazis than simply serving as a laundromat for its plundered assets: It is well known that the Swiss vigorously blocked the entry of Jews attempting to flee Germany and occupied Europe. In 1938 (at the suggestion of Swiss Chief of Police Heinrich Rothmund) Bern requested that Berlin mark the passports of Jews with a "J" - so that German Jews could be instantly distinguished from German gentiles - and be denied admission to Switzerland. Indeed, the great majority of those denied sanctuary in Switzerland perished in the German death camps. In 1995, speaking about Swiss complicity in the Holocaust, Federal President Kaspar Villiger declared that "we bear a considerable burden of guilt for the treatment of Jews by our country". This was the first official admission of any Swiss culpability for the fate of European Jewry. It took the Swiss fifty years to admit any responsibility for wrongdoing. It took the Swiss fifty-five years to exonerate (posthumously) Paul Grueninger, the police chief in the St. Gallen Canton who defied regulations and aided thousands of Austrian Jews in escaping to Switzerland. As a result of his actions, Grueninger was dismissed from the police and convicted of fraud. After the war, when the survivors attempted to reclaim their assets, they were ensnared in a web of bureaucracy that refused to recognize the fact that death camp survivors, or the heirs of those who perished, could not possibly furnish customary documentation such as death certificates. Swiss banks strictly adhered to the rigid restrictions of Swiss banking law in total disregard of the special situation which had arisen out of the mass murder of the Jews of Europe. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nazis/readings/sinister.html https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nazis/reading... According to historian Martin Faust, the participation of Swiss citizens in Nazi war crimes is "a topic that has so far been dealt with almost completely by German historiography and only insufficiently by Swiss historiography." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_world_wars#Prosecutions_for_collaboration https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_world_w...