Leibniz independently invented calculus, including the notation for the derivative that is most common today. He also basically invented computer science -- he

Leibniz independently invented calculus, including the notation for the derivative that is most common today. He also basically invented computer science -- he did pioneering work in binary arithmetic, designed a mechanical calculator, and came up with the concept of a "universal language", which was an early attempt at codifying the rules of logic and reason into a form that could be operated upon mechanically.