yes, governments and banks create aka "print" money. can we move off of that point? its your angle where you think this is noteworthy and controversial which is

yes, governments and banks create aka "print" money. can we move off of that point? its your angle where you think this is noteworthy and controversial which is messing up the rest of your analysis. the point is that it wasn't relevant at all, and you're shoehorning it into an irrelevant transaction just because you find it an interesting aspect of MMT, which also isn't even relevant here. regarding speed, or velocity, there is no direct way to measure its efficacy. so there are a lot of proxies. businesses starting, hiring, GDP, home sales, mortgages, venture and private equity transactions and more. its easy to take this for granted until you go to any other monetary union and see how pitiful capital formation is where everyone is saving and hoarding.