- battery significant volume: this depends on intended range, and if sulfur chemistries hit the market you can probably drop the required volume by 40-70%. - e

- battery significant volume: this depends on intended range, and if sulfur chemistries hit the market you can probably drop the required volume by 40-70%. - extra weight: see above, and removing engine and other components - yes the EV motor will need to be aware, that's a control issue not some physical issue - another power source.... like, a battery bank? - waste heat for AC: heat pumps Yeah, I know I am massively handwaving. It's a really hard problem, but some EV retrofit for "incumbent" cars (eventually to be "classic") would save a lot of carbon. But it's not going to happen, it's too labor and skill intensive. Capital hates everything that is labor/skill dependent. It might be able to be assembly lined to some degree: common car platforms of major manufactures would help. The engine lift isn't THAT bad for many platforms, the hood removal - bolt loosen - engine lift could be done in 3-4 "disassembly line" steps. EV motors are pretty compact from what I can tell, so the engine compartment can probably accommodate enough high-density (sulfur chemistry in 5-8 years) batteries to get a 150-200 mile range. The REALLY OPTIMAL conversion target should probably be a swapout with a hybrid drivetrain, if we could get a compact rotary recharge engine developed combined with a compact EV motor. The transmission interface is still a PITA, but the heat excess and other things might be conserved better, and there might be room left over for 50 miles of all-electric range. That would deliver 90% all-electric trips in-city, regen braking, but keep ICE power for all the legacy accessories. We should have been working collectively on hybrids within a couple years of the Prius being released in the late 1990s. We should have forced all auto manufacturers to have hybrids for all cars in 10 years (regen braking and city efficiency would have been 20% gas savings right there, maybe more). Then 10 years after that have forced plugin hybrids with increasing thresholds for all-electric range.