Like others have said, cloud-init is the way. For the few instances that may not have the right tooling baked into their base image or where it’s not fully supp

Like others have said, cloud-init is the way. For the few instances that may not have the right tooling baked into their base image or where it’s not fully supported by the orchestrator (like Proxmox containers), I use https://github.com/rcarmo/ground-init https://github.com/rcarmo/ground-init (which I first wrote to set up my laptop and local machines and lets me re-use cloud-init files).