Adding one to both the numerator and the denominator when calculating average ratings isn’t a terrible idea. In situations where you’re estimating probabilitie

Adding one to both the numerator and the denominator when calculating average ratings isn’t a terrible idea. In situations where you’re estimating probabilities (like the average rating of an item based on user reviews), there is a Bayesian interpretation of this adjustment. Beta distribution is a conjugate prior to the binomial distribution, meaning the update process has a posterior distribution is also a Beta distribution. By adding one to the numerator (the number of positive reviews) and one to the denominator (the total number of reviews plus one), you’re effectively using a Beta(1,1) prior (uniform distribution). This approach smooths the estimated average, especially for items with a small number of reviews. This is a useful regularisation, pulling extreme values towards the mean and reflecting the uncertainty inherent in limited data. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_distribution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_distribution