> 3 seems irrelevant with regard to China given the difference in population sizes being compensated for Not what i am implying. It is the differences in modes

> 3 seems irrelevant with regard to China given the difference in population sizes being compensated for Not what i am implying. It is the differences in modes of thinking coming from different cultures that leads to breakthroughs, sustaining development and more. They play off of each other's strengths leading to something unique which is not possible in a mono-cultural country. It is hard to quantify directly but can be measured via its effects on Science/Technology/Economy etc. See the psychologist Richard Nisbett's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Nisbett) works; The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently...and Why (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geography_of_Thought https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Geography_of_Thought) and Intelligence and How to Get It: Why Schools and Cultures Count (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_and_How_to_Get_It https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_and_How_to_Get_It) for some insights.