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> This bump is what physicists call a resonance. It follows directly from energy and momentum conservation and special relativity that we teach first year under

> This bump is what physicists call a resonance. It follows directly from energy and momentum conservation and special relativity that we teach first year undergraduates (hardly the ivory towers). > This bump or resonance is intimately tied to what physicists mean when they say ‘particle’. If you dig a bit deeper, the term resonance is also tied to one of the most elementary physical systems: the simple harmonic oscillator. Sure, when you treat these things quantum mechanically, it gets more sophisticated, but my point is it doesn’t require highfalutin mathematics and quantum field theory to say that we discovered a new particle at the LHC. Goes on to completely omit this apparently trivial mathematics.

lifthrasiir 2y ago
I assume that you do need maths but not something developed only decades ago. That's what physics students learn today and represent a very conservative body of knowledge, which would be never trivial though.
verzali 2y ago
It doesn't take much to look it up: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator
jiggawatts 2y ago
> Goes on to completely omit this apparently trivial mathematics. You're being somewhat unfairly downvoted because "now draw the rest of the fucking owl" is a huge problem in modern physics. All too often it turns out that the person teaching owl drawing has never seen an owl, has no idea how to draw any animal, but can explain at length the differences between the various pencil types. For example, I've never seen a satisfactory definition of what a particle is as defined by modern field theory. Either you get a hand-wavey "it's an excitement of the field" with zero elaboration, or they talk only about the secondary properties of the particles such as their symmetries. Imagine explaining cars in one of only two ways, and flat refusing to ever describe them in any other terms: 1. Cars are personal automobiles with three or more wheels. 2. Cars are largely left-right symmetric objects that can fit into a tunnel but not through a sieve. When set into motion they have a decreased longitudinal resistance compared to lateral. If two cars are smashed together a loud siren noise can often be briefly heard after a delay of a few minutes. Now you know what a car is!
- bowsamic 2y ago
  > I've never seen a satisfactory definition of what a particle is as defined by modern field theory. Quantum physics PhD here. It's because, we don't know. We don't have an ontology for quantum mechanics. We don't know what any of the mathematical model "actually is" It's the same for basically all modern physics. We lack an ontology for it, so no we can't tell you "what it really is". Literally no one knows But yes, the mathematical model is: a unit of excitation of the quantum field. What that actually is, is totally unknown
  - Galatians4_16 2y ago
    Gödel's incompleteness Theorem, applied to QM, in three paragraphs.
    - eigenket 2y ago
      Neither of Gödel's two incompleteness theorems apply to quantum mechanics. The two theorems apply to logical systems which prove facts about the natural numbers. While this is an incredibly broad class of things, it doesn't include physical theories like quantum mechanics.
      - Galatians4_16 2y ago
        Guess I Dunning Kruegered, when I thought physics is based on mathematics and logical systems, to which a theory (itself having been proven) aught apply.
        bowsamic 2y ago
        Physics isn’t based on mathematics and logical systems, it’s based on measurements that the mathematics are chosen to fit
  - cb321 2y ago
    There are reasonable & reasoned attempts to make sense of all this, such as Sunny Auyang's "How is Quantum Field Theory Possible?" (https://books.google.com/books/about/How_is_Quantum_Field_Theory_Possible.html?id=rcrf0P8DSe0C https://books.google.com/books/about/How_is_Quantum_Field_Th... ) I think such attempts are not widely disseminated / taught to young physicists because older / more experienced ones believe that quantum gravity will re-write the situation anyway. { QG itself seems necessary since in General Relativity you "solve for the metric aka solve for time" self-consistently with mass-energy and that very same "time" is the background for QFT (which is what "makes" mass-energy). So, we don't really understand this model element we call "time" - so elemental to all our ideas of dynamics - without QG. Of course, the most direct quantum gravitational phenomena are, at present, at a subtle experimental scale due to the size of 'G'. This need not remain the case -- once we know what to look for - e.g., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines were beginning to reveal atomic quantum physics in 1802 almost a full century before Planck's black body work and barely after Benjamin Franklin-ian electrostatics and long before Maxwellian electrodynamics. } I'm mostly just trying to strike a less hopeless note for jiggawatts and provide some reading material which might be accessible (if, as noted, is probably necessarily preliminary - EDIT and some might say this of all "Science" at all times, of course).
yk 2y ago
real data - background model = bump This is all just counting statistics, it actually is that simple. (The resonance equals particle is quite a bit more complex, but for a basic treatment the bump is a particle could probably just be understood as jargon.)

lifthrasiir 2y ago

I assume that you do need maths but not something developed only decades ago. That's what physics students learn today and represent a very conservative body of knowledge, which would be never trivial though.

verzali 2y ago

It doesn't take much to look it up: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_oscillator

jiggawatts 2y ago

> Goes on to completely omit this apparently trivial mathematics. You're being somewhat unfairly downvoted because "now draw the rest of the fucking owl" is a huge problem in modern physics. All too often it turns out that the person teaching owl drawing has never seen an owl, has no idea how to draw any animal, but can explain at length the differences between the various pencil types. For example, I've never seen a satisfactory definition of what a particle is as defined by modern field theory. Either you get a hand-wavey "it's an excitement of the field" with zero elaboration, or they talk only about the secondary properties of the particles such as their symmetries. Imagine explaining cars in one of only two ways, and flat refusing to ever describe them in any other terms: 1. Cars are personal automobiles with three or more wheels. 2. Cars are largely left-right symmetric objects that can fit into a tunnel but not through a sieve. When set into motion they have a decreased longitudinal resistance compared to lateral. If two cars are smashed together a loud siren noise can often be briefly heard after a delay of a few minutes. Now you know what a car is!

bowsamic 2y ago
> I've never seen a satisfactory definition of what a particle is as defined by modern field theory. Quantum physics PhD here. It's because, we don't know. We don't have an ontology for quantum mechanics. We don't know what any of the mathematical model "actually is" It's the same for basically all modern physics. We lack an ontology for it, so no we can't tell you "what it really is". Literally no one knows But yes, the mathematical model is: a unit of excitation of the quantum field. What that actually is, is totally unknown
- Galatians4_16 2y ago
  Gödel's incompleteness Theorem, applied to QM, in three paragraphs.
  - eigenket 2y ago
    Neither of Gödel's two incompleteness theorems apply to quantum mechanics. The two theorems apply to logical systems which prove facts about the natural numbers. While this is an incredibly broad class of things, it doesn't include physical theories like quantum mechanics.
    - Galatians4_16 2y ago
      Guess I Dunning Kruegered, when I thought physics is based on mathematics and logical systems, to which a theory (itself having been proven) aught apply.
      - bowsamic 2y ago
        Physics isn’t based on mathematics and logical systems, it’s based on measurements that the mathematics are chosen to fit
- cb321 2y ago
  There are reasonable & reasoned attempts to make sense of all this, such as Sunny Auyang's "How is Quantum Field Theory Possible?" (https://books.google.com/books/about/How_is_Quantum_Field_Theory_Possible.html?id=rcrf0P8DSe0C https://books.google.com/books/about/How_is_Quantum_Field_Th... ) I think such attempts are not widely disseminated / taught to young physicists because older / more experienced ones believe that quantum gravity will re-write the situation anyway. { QG itself seems necessary since in General Relativity you "solve for the metric aka solve for time" self-consistently with mass-energy and that very same "time" is the background for QFT (which is what "makes" mass-energy). So, we don't really understand this model element we call "time" - so elemental to all our ideas of dynamics - without QG. Of course, the most direct quantum gravitational phenomena are, at present, at a subtle experimental scale due to the size of 'G'. This need not remain the case -- once we know what to look for - e.g., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines were beginning to reveal atomic quantum physics in 1802 almost a full century before Planck's black body work and barely after Benjamin Franklin-ian electrostatics and long before Maxwellian electrodynamics. } I'm mostly just trying to strike a less hopeless note for jiggawatts and provide some reading material which might be accessible (if, as noted, is probably necessarily preliminary - EDIT and some might say this of all "Science" at all times, of course).

yk 2y ago

real data - background model = bump This is all just counting statistics, it actually is that simple. (The resonance equals particle is quite a bit more complex, but for a basic treatment the bump is a particle could probably just be understood as jargon.)