This stuff has been going on for decades, as can be seen by the frequency with which people at the top of the institutions are found to have engaged in it. What

This stuff has been going on for decades, as can be seen by the frequency with which people at the top of the institutions are found to have engaged in it. What's new is that in recent years the spread of social media (especially X/Twitter), and the creation of sites like PubPeer, has given people who always knew about it a way to get the word out to communities who will believe them. Up until now unfortunately the average person still doesn't believe any claims of academic fraud, and the institutions always sweep it under the rug, so until enough whistleblowers were able to find each other online they were just systematically screwed. The usual proposed solution is more replication. Every HN thread on scientific fraud has people proposing this fix. Unfortunately, replication studies can't fix science and can in some situations make things worse. I wrote about why not here: https://blog.plan99.net/replication-studies-cant-fix-science-0e195234a280 https://blog.plan99.net/replication-studies-cant-fix-science...