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While he hates the letter F because it looks like an incomplete letter E, this resemblance is relatively recent and it is due to the Ancient Greeks. The letter
by adrian_b 2y ago
While he hates the letter F because it looks like an incomplete letter E, this resemblance is relatively recent and it is due to the Ancient Greeks.
The letter F was originally the letter "waw" of the North-Semitic alphabet, then of the Phoenician alphabet derived from it.
In the Phoenician alphabet, the letter "waw" looked like a Y.
When some Greeks have derived the Greek alphabet, they have created two distinct letters from the letter "waw", the letter that was later named digamma, which retained the position in the alphabet of the Phoenician "waw", and the letter that was later named upsilon, which was appended immediately at the end of the alphabet, after the last of the Phoenician letters.
For unknown reasons, upsilon has kept the form Y, while the top of digamma has been rotated, becoming F.
The letter digamma has continued to be pronounced like in Phoenician, where it was used to write the consonant a.k.a. semivowel form of U (which in English is normally written as W). The letter upsilon was used to write the vowel form of U.
So the Greeks have created two letter variants of the original "waw", written as F and Y, to distinguish the consonant and vowel uses of U, like English has created W to be distinct from U, for the same purpose.
The letter E comes from the Phoenician "he", where it had a similar form, but it was reflected. The reason why the Greeks have reflected E is likely to be the change of the direction of writing from right-to-left to left-to-right. So it is in the Greek alphabet where E and F began to look similar.
Most Greek dialects have lost the semivowel U, therefore also the letter digamma, but that had not happened yet in the dialect from which the Etruscans and the Latins have taken the alphabet, so it still had F.
Latin had a consonant not present in Greek, that which now is written F. Because there was some resemblance between Latin F and semivowel U, both being labial, the Latins have chosen F to write this consonant. Moreover in Latin the form of Y has been simplified to V. Also Latin had both semivowel U and vowel U, but they have chosen to write both of them as V. The letter U has appeared only in the Middle Ages, initially only as the small letter "u", which was the small variant of "V", the forms "v" and "U" have been added later, together with the different pronunciations attached to the letters. Some centuries after the first variants of the Latin alphabet, the letter Y has been appended to it, because by that time the Greeks no longer pronounced it as U, but it had become a front rounded vowel, like German U-umlaut or French U or Danish Y.
Therefore the current Latin alphabet has 5 letters derived from Phoenician "waw": F, U, V, W and Y.