There are some differences between your examples in my opinion: Rust started as an experiment of Mozilla team replacing C++ with something that helps them comp

There are some differences between your examples in my opinion: Rust started as an experiment of Mozilla team replacing C++ with something that helps them compete with Chrome in developing safe multi-threaded code more efficiently. It took a lot of experiments to get to the current type system, most of which gives real advantages by using affine types, but the compiler is at this point clearly over-engineered for the desired type system (and there are already ideas on how to improve on it). It's still too late to restart, as it looks like it takes 20 years to productionize something like Rust. As for React I believe it's I believe an over-engineered architecture from the start for most web programming tasks (and for companies / programmers that don't have separate frontend and backend teams), but the low interest rates + AWS/Vercel pushed them on all newcomers (and most programmers are new programmers, as the number of programmers grew exponentially). HTMX and Rails 8 are experiments in the opposite direction (moving back to the servers, nobuild, noSAAS), but I believe there's lot of space to further simplify the web programming stack.